海事福利慈善组织The Mission to Seafarers近日发布了2022年第四季度海员幸福指数以及全年总结报告，以10个问题从上岸休假、身心健康、网络连通、工作量、培训等方面反映了过去一年海员的幸福感。

　　第四季度海员的平均幸福指数达到了7.69(满分10)，反映了过去一年来海员幸福指数的持续增长趋势。即使是历史上问题最多的方面，如上岸休假和上岸后的福利问题，海员满意度也在回升，这推动了平均幸福指数的提高。数据显示，海员幸福水平从2022年第一季度的最低点(5.85)逐渐上升，在年底达到了最高位(7.69)。

　　幸福感调查问卷中的十个问题

　　Ten questions in the Wellbeing Questionnaire

　　In terms of ship type, the ranking of crew happiness from highest to lowest is: container ships, other ship types, cruise ships, bulk carriers, offshore vessels, tankers, general cargo ships.

　　从船型来看，船员幸福感排名由高到低分别为：集装箱船、其他船型、邮轮、散货船、海工船、油轮、杂货船。

　　In terms of age, the highest happiness scores are for seafarers aged 16-25, with older seafarers feeling less happy.

　　从年龄来看，幸福指数最高的是16-25岁的海员，年龄越大的海员幸福感越低。

　　In terms of position, crew happiness is ranked from highest to lowest: deck crew, second mate, first mate, third officer, third mate, deck crew trainee, captain, engine crew, second officer, catering, chief engineer, first officer, engine crew trainee and electrical and mechanical department.

　　从职务来看，船员幸福感排名由高到低分别为：甲板部船员、二副、大副、三管轮、三副、甲板部实习船员、船长、轮机部船员、二管轮、餐饮部、轮机长、大管轮、轮机部实习船员、机电部门。

　　The only area of decline in seafarers' well-being in the Q4 2022 report is internet connectivity, which has proved vital to seafarers' overall morale over the past two years. Seafarers are very concerned about the quality and cost of internet connectivity and increasingly expect to have free or cheap internet access.

　　2022年第四季度报告中海员幸福指数唯一下降的领域是网络连通，过去两年的实践证明网络连通对海员的整体士气至关重要。海员们十分关心网络连通的质量和成本，他们越来越期望可以获取免费或便宜的互联网接入服务。

　　Contrary to the perception that increased connectivity increases crew isolation and reduces cohesion, seafarers claim that internet connectivity helps to promote crew unity, for example during the World Cup when crew members watch live matches together.

　　有人认为增强连通性会加深船员的孤独感并且降低凝聚力，但是与此相反，海员们声称网络连通有助于促进船员团结，例如在世界杯期间，船员们一起观看现场比赛。

　　The report also notes that it is also notable that a large number of seafarers appear to have switched employers or trading patterns to be closer to home in the face of travel restrictions. In addition, an increasing number of seafarers are coming from non-traditional maritime labour markets, such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

　　报告还指出，同样值得注意的是，有大量海员似乎已经转换了雇主或交易模式，以便在旅行限制的情况下能够离家更近。此外，越来越多的海员来自非传统的海事劳动力市场，如巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和斯里兰卡。

　　2022 Seafarers Happiness Index Averages

　　2022年海员幸福指数平均数

　　Looking back across 2022, seafarers' well-being began to recover from an eight-year low in the first quarter, given the ongoing impact of the epidemic on seafarers' morale over the past few years, including extended contracts, cancelled shore leave and restricted shore-based welfare services. The seafarers' well-being index reached a low of 5.85 in the first quarter. It stood at 7.21 in the second quarter, signalling that for most seafarers the worst effects of the epidemic are over and that travel and contract duration are more certain as the world reopens.

　　回顾整个2022年，海员幸福感在第一季度开始由八年低点恢复，鉴于过去几年疫情对海员士气的持续影响，包括延长合同、取消上岸休假和岸上福利服务受限等。海员幸福指数在第一季度达到了5.85的低点。第二季度为7.21，预示着对大多数海员来说，最糟糕的疫情影响已经结束，随着世界重新开放，出行和合同期限更加确定。

　　Ben Bailey, Project Director of The Mission to Seafarers, said: "We are delighted and relieved to see that the level of well-being on board has improved over the last full year. Our report shows significant positive progress. While there are still complex issues and challenges in the industry, The Mission to Seafarers organisation would still like to highlight the importance of fair treatment, fair pay, empathy and understanding in improving the prospects of seafarers."

　　The Mission to Seafarers项目主管Ben Bailey表示：“我们很高兴也很欣慰地看到，在过去一整年中，船上的幸福水平有所提高。我们的报告显示出了重大的积极进展。虽然行业还是存在复杂的问题和挑战，但The Mission to Seafarers组织仍然要强调公平待遇、合理薪酬、同理心和理解在改善海员前景方面的重要性。”

　　At the same time, he noted that there are complex issues that need to be addressed, such as seafarer abandonment and non- or late payment of wages.The Mission to Seafarers will continue to work closely with shipping companies and shore-based managers to bring about positive change and to learn more about seafarers' stories and experiences through surveys. The organisation has also noted that there could be a seafarer recruitment and retention crisis in 2023 if the trend of seafarers moving from deep sea to short-haul or inland waterways continues.

　　同时，他也指出，还有一些复杂的问题需要解决，如海员遗弃、不支付或延迟支付工资等现象。The Mission to Seafarers将继续与航运公司和岸上的管理人员密切合作，促成积极的变化，并通过调查了解更多海员的故事和经历。该组织也注意到，如果海员从深远海转到短途或内陆水道的趋势持续下去，2023年可能会出现海员招聘和留存危机。

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